Genetic diversity is an important factor in the success and sustainability of a species. It allows for the adaptation of a population to changing environments and helps to protect against diseases. In the field of cattle breeding, understanding the genetic diversity of different breeds can inform breeding decisions and help to preserve genetic resources.
A study by Machado et al. analysed the genetic diversity of four cattle breeds using microsatellite markers. The breeds chosen for the study were Gyr, Nellore, Guzerat, and Holstein. DNA samples were collected from 18 animals of each breed and analysed using nine microsatellite primers.
The results of the study showed that the Holstein breed was the most distinct from the other breeds, with genetic distances of 1.15 to Gyr, 1.12 to Nellore, and 0.94 to Guzerat. The closest genetic distance was found between Guzerat and Nellore, at 0.25. A total of 64 alleles were detected across all four breeds, with each breed showing 53% of the total number of alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.11 ± 3.21.
One of the most informative loci was BMS1237, which had an observed heterozygosity of 53%. The least informative locus was BMS3004, with only 12% observed heterozygosity. The overall average heterozygosity for the nine loci was 35%, and the expected value for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was 53%. This low heterozygosity suggests a high level of endogamy, or breeding within the same population, among the animals sampled within each breed.
Overall, this study provides valuable insight into the genetic diversity of different cattle breeds and has implications for breeding decisions and the preservation of genetic resources. Understanding the genetic makeup of different breeds can help to ensure the health and viability of the livestock industry.
Gyr Cattle 